{"id":6290,"date":"2025-06-09T09:23:11","date_gmt":"2025-06-09T09:23:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.genealogyslovenia.com\/?p=6290"},"modified":"2025-06-30T12:13:17","modified_gmt":"2025-06-30T12:13:17","slug":"diphtheria-in-19th-century-slovenia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.genealogyslovenia.com\/sl\/diphtheria-in-19th-century-slovenia\/","title":{"rendered":"Davica na Slovenskem v 19. stoletju"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"6290\" class=\"elementor elementor-6290\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f65eb2 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"1f65eb2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-69886cf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"69886cf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Davica v Sloveniji v 19. stoletju<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7f1f865 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7f1f865\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ko otroci utihnejo: Davica na Kitnem Vrhu<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-95a81f2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"95a81f2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Na bo\u017ei\u010dni dan leta 1895 je vasica Kitni Vrh v \u017eupniji Zagradec ovita v tiho tragedijo. V skromni kaj\u017ei pod ledinskim imenom Kobiljek, kjer je domovala dru\u017eina kaj\u017earja Antona Zaletela in njegove \u017eene Marije rojene Vidmar, se je sredi praznikov razdivjala smrtonosna bolezen. Tistega dne je umrl njihov komaj \u0161tiriletni sin France. Naslednji dan je bolezen vzela \u0161e osemletnega Janeza. In \u0161e dan za tem, 27. decembra, je umrla dvoletna Jo\u017eefa, h\u010derka Antonove sestre Marije Zaletel in zidarja Franceta Miklav\u010di\u010da, ki sta prav tako \u017eivela v isti hi\u0161i na naslovu Kitni Vrh 21. Vsi trije so v nekaj dneh podlegli bolezni, ki je bila v mrli\u0161ki knjigi zabele\u017eena kot \"Diphtheritis\", z dodatnim nem\u0161kim opisom v oklepaju: \"Halsschwazen\". Danes jo poznamo pod imenom davica.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7fed98e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7fed98e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ko je davica vzela najmlaj\u0161e<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-45e76e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"45e76e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Davica je huda nalezljiva bolezen, ki jo povzro\u010da bakterija Corynebacterium diphtheriae. Bolezen prizadene predvsem sluznico \u017erela, nosu in v\u010dasih tudi ko\u017eo. Na prizadetem mestu nastane belkasta obloga, ki se lahko raz\u0161iri v sapnik in povzro\u010di zadu\u0161itev. Med zna\u010dilne simptome sodijo bole\u010de grlo, ote\u017eeno dihanje, oteklina v vratu (od tod tudi stari slovenski izraz \"odebelitev v vratu\") in splo\u0161na oslabelost. Bolezen se prena\u0161a kaplji\u010dno in je bila zlasti v 19. stoletju izjemno nevarna za otroke.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-59400fe elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"59400fe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Zdravljenje je bilo tedaj skoraj nemogo\u010de. \u0160ele leta 1893 je Emil von Behring razvil protitelo iz konjskega seruma, a to zdravilo je bilo redko dostopno. V Sloveniji je \u0161tevilo smrtnih \u017eivljenj zaradi davice upadlo \u0161ele po uvedbi obveznega cepljenja. Zadnji primer bolezni je bil pri nas zabele\u017een leta 1967.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d0b5239 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d0b5239\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Doma\u010dija, kjer je potihnil otro\u0161ki jok<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4956080 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4956080\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Dru\u017eina Antona Zaletela je do konca 19. stoletja izgubila vse svoje otroke. Njihova tragi\u010dna zgodba se odvija v treh bole\u010dih poglavjih:<\/p><ul><li>Leto 1883: Umre novorojenka Terezija (I.), stara tri dni, zaradi \"bo\u017ejasti\" (mo\u017ena diagnoza: neonatalna oku\u017eba, tetanus ali epilepsija).<\/li><li>Leto 1892: Najprej 26. septembra umre osemletna h\u010derka Terezija (II.) zaradi gri\u017ee (\"Ruhr\"), nato \u0161e 11. oktobra trinajstletni sin Anton, prav tako zaradi gri\u017ee.<\/li><li>Leto 1895: Na bo\u017ei\u010dni dan, 25. decembra, umre \u0161tiriletni France zaradi davice. 26. decembra umre osemletni Janez, prav tako zaradi davice. In \u0161e 27. decembra umre dvoletna Jo\u017eefa, h\u010derka Antonove sestre Marije Zaletel in Franceta Miklav\u010di\u010da, ki je \u017eivela v isti hi\u0161i.<\/li><\/ul><p>Skupaj sta Anton in Marija Zaletel pokopala pet otrok. Vsi otroci so umrli pred za\u010detkom 20. stoletja.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-34af1fe elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"34af1fe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>V isti hi\u0161i sta po teh dogodkih \u0161e naprej \u017eivela Marija Zaletel in njen mo\u017e France Miklav\u010di\u010d. Kljub izgubi h\u010derke Jo\u017eefe sta v naslednjih dveh letih imela \u0161e dva otroka. A Zaleteljev rod se v tej hi\u0161i dokon\u010dno zaklju\u010di.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18c6169 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"18c6169\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"470\" src=\"https:\/\/www.genealogyslovenia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Death-register-extract-1-1024x470.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-6296\" alt=\"Parish death register from 1895 showing diphtheria deaths of France and Janez Zaletel and Jo\u017eefa Miklav\u010di\u010d in Kitni Vrh.\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.genealogyslovenia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Death-register-extract-1-1024x470.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.genealogyslovenia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Death-register-extract-1-300x138.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.genealogyslovenia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Death-register-extract-1-768x352.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.genealogyslovenia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Death-register-extract-1-18x8.jpg 18w, https:\/\/www.genealogyslovenia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Death-register-extract-1-600x275.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.genealogyslovenia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Death-register-extract-1.jpg 1500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2691f70 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2691f70\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Davica: otro\u0161ka kuga 19. stoletja<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-14ad6e3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"14ad6e3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Primer iz Kitnega Vrha ni osamljen. V 19. stoletju je bila davica eden glavnih vzrokov smrti otrok v Evropi. Zaradi hitrega \u0161irjenja, hudih simptomov in pomanjkanja zdravil je veljala za eno najbolj stra\u0161ljivih bolezni otro\u0161tva. Umiranje v zaporedju, kot smo ga videli v dru\u017eini Zaletel, ni bilo redkost. Epidemije davice, o\u0161pic, \u0161krlatinke in gri\u017ee so redno pretresale pode\u017eelska okolja, kjer so bile higienske razmere slabe, medicinska pomo\u010d pa te\u017eko dostopna.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f16c8b2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f16c8b2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Zaradi teh bolezni so bili otro\u0161ki grobovi neko\u010d pogost pojav na vseh pokopali\u0161\u010dih. Smrt otroka ni bila izjema - bila je del vsakdanjega \u017eivljenja.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6547448 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6547448\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Zgodba dru\u017eine Zaletel ni le tragi\u010den vpogled v preteklost, temve\u010d tudi opomin, kako krhka je bila neko\u010d meja med \u017eivljenjem in smrtjo. Danes nas pred to boleznijo \u0161\u010diti cepljenje, ki ga pogosto jemljemo za samoumevno. Vendar zgodbe, kot je ta s Kitnega Vrha, nas opominjajo, kako dragocena je bila ta pridobitev za zdravje otrok in dru\u017eb kot celote.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Trije otroci so decembra 1895 umrli zaradi davice v Kitnem Vrhu. Smrtonosna bolezen \u017erela je v\u010dasih mno\u017ei\u010dno terjala otro\u0161ka \u017eivljenja.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6292,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[40],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6290","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-medical-history-of-slovenia"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.genealogyslovenia.com\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6290","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.genealogyslovenia.com\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.genealogyslovenia.com\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.genealogyslovenia.com\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.genealogyslovenia.com\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6290"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.genealogyslovenia.com\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6290\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.genealogyslovenia.com\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6292"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.genealogyslovenia.com\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6290"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.genealogyslovenia.com\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6290"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.genealogyslovenia.com\/sl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6290"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}